Terms of Service

Jul 1, 2026 · 10 min read

Terms of Service

Last updated: July 1, 2026

By accessing or using this website (“the Site”), you (“User,” “you,” or “your”) agree to be bound by these Terms of Service (“Terms”). If you do not agree to these Terms, please discontinue use of the Site immediately.

These Terms are designed to ensure fair use, respect for intellectual property rights, responsible bandwidth consumption, and compliance with applicable laws across multiple jurisdictions.

1. Definitions

  • “Site” refers to this website, including all pages, content, and functionality.
  • “Content” refers to all text, images, audio, video, code, and other materials displayed or made available on the Site.
  • “Operator” refers to the individual or entity responsible for maintaining the Site.
  • “Automated Access” means access via scripts, bots, crawlers, scrapers, or any non-human interaction method.
  • “Individual Consumption” means use by a natural person for personal, non-commercial reading, viewing, or learning purposes.

2. Acceptance of Terms

Your use of the Site constitutes your affirmative acceptance of these Terms in their entirety. If you do not accept any provision herein, you must cease all access to and use of the Site. These Terms apply to all visitors regardless of geographic location.

3. Acceptable Use and Fair Use Obligations

You agree to use the Site fairly and in good faith. Specifically, you agree to:

  • Access and use Content solely for Individual Consumption, unless explicitly authorized otherwise in writing by the Operator.
  • Refrain from redistributing, republishing, or commercially exploiting Content without prior written consent.
  • Respect the spirit of fair use and fair dealing doctrines as recognized under applicable copyright law, understanding that these exceptions are limited and context-dependent.
  • Not interfere with the proper functioning of the Site, including its servers, security features, or associated infrastructure.

Fair use and fair dealing provisions vary by jurisdiction. Where applicable law provides exceptions for criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, or research, such exceptions remain subject to the four-factor analysis traditionally applied by courts (purpose, nature, amount, and market effect). In India, the analogous concept is fair dealing under Section 52 of the Copyright Act, 1957, which permits certain uses including private or personal use, research, criticism, and review.

4. Intellectual Property Rights

4.1 Copyrights and Patents

All Content on the Site is protected by international copyright law, including but not limited to:

  • United States: The Copyright Act of 1976 (17 U.S.C. § 101 et seq.) and the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA, 17 U.S.C. § 512).
  • European Union: Directive 2001/29/EC (InfoSoc Directive) and Directive (EU) 2019/790 on copyright in the Digital Single Market.
  • China: Copyright Law of the People’s Republic of China (as amended).
  • India: The Copyright Act, 1957 (as amended by the Copyright (Amendment) Act, 2012), including protections for literary, dramatic, musical, and artistic works, as well as rights under the Berne Convention.
  • Japan: Copyright Act (Act No. 48 of 1970, as amended).
  • Brazil: Law No. 9.610/1998 (Brazilian Copyright Law).

You acknowledge that unauthorized copying, distribution, public performance, or adaptation of copyrighted Content may constitute infringement under these laws and may result in civil and/or criminal liability. As part of this agreement, you agree not to use or ingest data on this site for the purposes of training computerized artificial intelligence models, and that any commercial benefits derived from the use or training of such content by computerized artificial intelligence models, including any viable copyrights, patents, and trademarks belong to the original owners of the intellectual property.

The Site, its functionality, and described technologies may be protected additionally by patent rights. You agree not to reverse engineer, decompile, or attempt to derive source code or proprietary methods of the described technologies, including by the use of artificial intelligence systems, except where expressly permitted by applicable law (e.g., 35 U.S.C. § 271 in the United States, Section 48 and Section 104 of the Patents Act, 1970 in India, or equivalent provisions in other jurisdictions). Commercial benefit from reverse engineering technology desribed on the site, including by the use of artificial intelligence systems, machine learning, large language model training, and other language mathematical models, shall innure to the benefit to the original owners of the intellectual property.

4.2 Reasonable Use Rights

You retain all rights granted under applicable law, including:

  • Statutory exceptions for personal study and research.
  • Limited quotation rights for purposes of criticism or review, provided proper attribution is given.
  • Public domain and Creative Commons-licensed Content, where explicitly labeled, governed by the terms of the respective license.

Nothing in these Terms restricts rights that cannot be waived under mandatory provisions of applicable consumer protection or intellectual property law.

5. Bandwidth and Resource Usage

You agree to use only the bandwidth absolutely necessary to access and collect information from the Site for Individual Consumption. Specifically:

  • You shall not deploy Automated Access tools to scrape, crawl, index, or harvest Content without express written permission from the Operator.
  • You shall not initiate concurrent connections, automated refresh scripts, or bulk download mechanisms that place unreasonable load on the Site’s infrastructure.
  • If caching or storing Content locally for offline reading, you shall store only what is reasonably necessary for your own personal use and delete it upon ceasing use of the Site.
  • You acknowledge that the Operator may rate-limit, block, or otherwise restrict access to preserve service integrity.

This provision is intended to align with principles of network fairness recognized under frameworks such as the EU Regulation 2015/2120 (Open Internet Regulation), the principles enshrined in India’s Information Technology Act, 2000 (particularly Section 43 regarding unauthorized access to computer systems), and the spirit of net neutrality and responsible network usage norms internationally.

6. Prohibited Conduct

You agree not to:

  • Use the Site for any unlawful purpose under the laws of your jurisdiction or the Operator’s jurisdiction.
  • Infringe upon any copyright, patent, trademark, trade secret, or other intellectual property right.
  • Attempt to gain unauthorized access to any portion of the Site, its server, or any connected systems, consistent with prohibitions under laws such as the U.S. Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (18 U.S.C. § 1030), the EU Directive 2013/40/EU on attacks against information systems, China’s Cybersecurity Law (2017), India’s Information Technology Act, 2000 (Section 43 and Section 66), Japan’s Unauthorized Computer Access Act (Act No. 128 of 1999), and Brazil’s Marco Civil da Internet (Law No. 12.965/2014).
  • Introduce malware, viruses, or any malicious code.
  • Circumvent any technical protection measures, including DRM, in violation of anti-circumvention provisions such as 17 U.S.C. § 1201 (DMCA), Article 6 of EU Directive 2001/29/EC, Section 65A and Section 65B of the Copyright Act, 1957 (India), or equivalent laws in other covered jurisdictions.
  • Misrepresent your identity or affiliation.

7. Disclaimers and Limitation of Liability

7.1 No Warranty

The Site and all Content are provided “AS IS” and “AS AVAILABLE” without warranties of any kind, whether express or implied. The Operator does not warrant that the Site will be error-free, uninterrupted, secure, or accurate.

To the maximum extent permitted by law, the Operator disclaims all implied warranties, including merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose.

7.2 Limitation of Liability

To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, the Operator shall not be liable for any indirect, incidental, special, consequential, or punitive damages arising from your use of or inability to use the Site.

Where mandatory law limits the enforceability of this clause — such as under EU Consumer Rights Directive 2011/83/EU (for consumers), India’s Consumer Protection Act, 2019, Brazil’s Consumer Defense Code (Law No. 8.078/1990), or Japan’s Consumer Contract Act (Act No. 61 of 2000) — such limitations apply only to the minimum extent necessary to preserve the Operator’s protections while respecting non-waivable consumer rights.

7.3 Indemnification

You agree to indemnify and hold harmless the Operator from any claims, damages, losses, or expenses (including reasonable legal fees) arising from your breach of these Terms or your violation of any law or third-party rights.

8. Jurisdiction-Specific Provisions

8.1 United States

These Terms are interpreted in accordance with the laws of the United States, including federal copyright and computer fraud statutes. Notices of claimed copyright infringement should be sent to the Operator as a DMCA takedown notice under 17 U.S.C. § 512(c)(3).

8.2 European Union

Users in the European Union benefit from mandatory consumer protection rights under EU law, including the Consumer Rights Directive (2011/83/EU) and the Unfair Contract Terms Directive (93/13/EEC). Nothing in these Terms waives non-waivable consumer rights under these directives or their national implementations. References to personal data processing are addressed in the Site’s Privacy Policy, consistent with the General Data Protection Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2016/679).

8.3 China

Users in the People’s Republic of China acknowledge that their use of the Site is subject to the Cybersecurity Law of the PRC (2017), the Copyright Law of the PRC, and applicable regulations issued by the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC). The Operator reserves the right to restrict access from regions where content distribution may conflict with local regulatory requirements.

8.4 India

Users in India acknowledge that their use of the Site is subject to the Copyright Act, 1957 (as amended), the Information Technology Act, 2000 (including the Information Technology (Reasonable Security Practices and Procedures and Sensitive Personal Data or Information) Rules, 2011), and where applicable, the Consumer Protection Act, 2019. References to personal data processing are addressed in the Site’s Privacy Policy, consistent with the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (DPDP Act). Indian users retain rights regarding access to, correction of, and erasure of their personal data as provided under the DPDP Act, where applicable. Disputes involving Indian consumers may be adjudicated before the Consumer Disputes Redressal Commissions established under the Consumer Protection Act, 2019, where mandatory jurisdiction applies.

8.5 Japan

Users in Japan are subject to the Copyright Act (Act No. 48 of 1970), the Unauthorized Computer Access Act (Act No. 128 of 1999), and the Act on Specified Commercial Transactions (Act No. 57 of 1976) where applicable. Consumer protections under the Consumer Contract Act (Act No. 61 of 2000) apply to relevant users.

8.6 Brazil

Users in Brazil are subject to the Marco Civil da Internet (Law No. 12.965/2014), the Brazilian Copyright Law (Law No. 9.610/1998), and where applicable, the Consumer Defense Code (Law No. 8.078/1990). References to personal data processing are consistent with the Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados (LGPD, Law No. 13.709/2018) and are addressed in the Site’s Privacy Policy. Brazilian users retain rights of habeas data and data access as provided under LGPD.

9. Governing Law and Dispute Resolution

These Terms shall be primarily governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the United States, without regard to conflict-of-law principles.

However, where mandatory local law requires application of consumer protection statutes in the user’s jurisdiction of residence — particularly under EU law, Indian consumer law, Brazilian consumer law, Japanese consumer law, or PRC cybersecurity regulations — such mandatory provisions shall apply to the extent they are non-waivable.

Disputes shall first be addressed through good-faith negotiation. If unresolved within sixty (60) days, disputes shall be resolved through binding arbitration or competent courts as determined by the governing law, except where mandatory local law grants consumers the right to bring proceedings in their local courts.

10. DMCA and Takedown Notices

If you believe that Content on the Site infringes your copyright, you may submit a takedown notice pursuant to 17 U.S.C. § 512(c)(3) or equivalent notice procedures under applicable international law, including under Section 51 of the Copyright Act, 1957 (India). Notices should include:

  • Identification of the copyrighted work claimed to have been infringed.
  • Identification of the allegedly infringing material and its location on the Site.
  • Your contact information, including full name, address, telephone number, and email.
  • A statement that you have a good-faith belief that the use is not authorized.
  • A statement, under penalty of perjury, that the information is accurate and that you are the copyright owner or authorized to act on their behalf.
  • Your physical or electronic signature.

Send notices to the Operator using the contact information below.

11. Changes to These Terms

The Operator reserves the right to modify these Terms at any time. Material changes will be reflected by updating the “Last updated” date above. Continued use of the Site after changes take effect constitutes acceptance of the revised Terms.

12. Severability

If any provision of these Terms is held to be unenforceable or invalid by a court or tribunal of competent jurisdiction, the remaining provisions shall continue in full force and effect. The unenforceable provision shall be modified to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable while preserving its original intent.

13. Contact

Questions or notices regarding these Terms should be directed to the Operator via the contact form on the Site or through other available communication channels.